Tetralogy of Fallot

Overview

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a combination of four congenital heart and great-vessel malformations: pulmonary outflow tract stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Symptoms

• Cyanosis
• Shortness of breath
• Squatting
• Clubbing of fingers
• Hypoxic spells

Treatment

Hypoxic spells are managed with oxygen, sedation, and fluids; after diagnosis, elective surgical correction is performed, with preoperative prevention of dehydration and infection.

Dietary advice

Adequate fluids to prevent blood concentration, small frequent meals, and a high-protein, high-calorie diet.