Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In adults it is diagnosed at a systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg.

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders marked by high blood glucose, caused by deficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. Long-standing hyperglycemia can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves and cardiovascular system.

The common cold is a self-limiting viral upper respiratory infection that usually resolves in 5–7 days. It spreads mainly by droplets and contact.

Coronary heart disease results from atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle. It can cause chest pain (angina) and, when severe, a heart attack (myocardial infarction), and is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases.

Arrhythmia is any abnormal heart rhythm caused by disorders of cardiac automaticity or conduction, resulting in a heartbeat that is too fast, too slow, or irregular. It encompasses abnormalities in both rhythm and rate.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which structural or functional changes of the myocardium impair the heart's ability to fill or pump, so that cardiac output fails to meet the body's needs. Common features include shortness of breath, wheezing, and edema.