Pulmonary Edema

Overview

Pulmonary edema is a clinical syndrome in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli and lung interstitium due to disturbed fluid exchange among blood vessels, lymphatics, and tissues. It presents with difficulty breathing, cyanosis, cough, and white or pink frothy sputum, and is a clinical emergency often occurring with congestive heart failure.

Symptoms

• Difficulty breathing
• Frothy sputum
• Orthopnea
• Cyanosis

Treatment

Place the patient in an upright sitting position with high-flow oxygen, use diuretics and vasodilators, and actively address the underlying cause.

Dietary advice

Restrict sodium and fluid intake, and keep a light diet with small frequent meals.