Infective Endocarditis

Overview

The endocardium is the smooth inner lining of the heart chambers, made up of endothelium and a subendothelial layer. Infective endocarditis is an infection of this lining and the heart valves, typically caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and colonizing the valve surfaces.

Symptoms

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Palpitations
• Night sweats
• Weight loss

Treatment

Prolonged intravenous antibiotics guided by blood culture results; surgery is needed for severe valve destruction or recurrent embolism to remove the infected tissue and repair the valve.

Dietary advice

High-protein, high-calorie diet to compensate for wasting, plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration.