Hepatic Encephalopathy

Overview

Hepatic encephalopathy is an altered state of consciousness caused by liver failure, thought to result from accumulation of ammonia in the blood. Symptoms range from personality and mood changes to, in advanced stages, coma.

Symptoms

• Personality change
• Impaired consciousness
• Asterixis (flapping tremor)
• Drowsiness

Treatment

Remove triggers and appropriately restrict protein, and use lactulose and antibiotics to reduce ammonia production and absorption.

Dietary advice

Restrict protein intake during the acute phase, favor plant protein, and ensure adequate calorie supply.