Hyperthyroidism

Overview

Hyperthyroidism is a form of thyrotoxicosis caused by the thyroid gland producing excess thyroid hormone. Symptoms may include irritability, muscle weakness, insomnia, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, diarrhea, goiter, and weight loss.

Symptoms

• Palpitations
• Excessive sweating
• Weight loss
• Hand tremor
• Irritability
• Exophthalmos

Treatment

Antithyroid drugs (such as methimazole or propylthiouracil) are commonly used to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis; radioactive iodine therapy or surgery are also options. Thyroid function should be monitored regularly during treatment.

Dietary advice

Eat a high-calorie, high-protein diet to compensate for increased metabolism, and limit iodine-rich foods such as kelp and seaweed. Avoid stimulating drinks such as coffee and strong tea.