Thyroid Nodule

Overview

A thyroid nodule is a solitary or scattered lump caused by abnormal localized growth of thyroid cells due to various causes. It includes thyroid cysts, adenomas, cancers, and hyperplasia of residual tissue after surgery.

Symptoms

• Neck lump
• Often asymptomatic
• Difficulty swallowing
• Hoarseness
• Neck pressure sensation
• Foreign body sensation in throat

Treatment

Most benign nodules only require periodic ultrasound follow-up. When a nodule is large with compressive symptoms or suspected of malignancy, biopsy, surgery, or ablation may be performed.

Dietary advice

Eat a balanced diet with adequate but not excessive iodine intake. Consume plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, and quality protein, and avoid over-supplementing iodine-rich foods.