Acute Kidney Injury

Overview

Acute kidney injury, formerly called acute renal failure, is a sudden loss of kidney function developing within 7 days. Causes are varied, including reduced renal blood flow, nephrotoxic substances, inflammation, or urinary tract obstruction, and it is diagnosed by elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine or inadequate urine output.

Symptoms

• Decreased urine output
• Edema
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Elevated serum creatinine

Treatment

Remove the underlying cause, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, and perform renal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis when necessary.

Dietary advice

Restrict salt, fluids, and potassium, ensure adequate calories, and control protein intake.