Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Overview

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiomyopathy characterized by dilation of the left or both ventricles, leading to progressive cardiac enlargement with impaired systolic function. Diagnosis requires first excluding causes such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valvular disease. It is associated with viral infection, autoimmune disease, genetics, drug toxicity, and metabolic abnormalities, and often progresses to heart failure and arrhythmias.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath
• Edema
• Fatigue
• Palpitations
• Poor appetite

Treatment

The core is improving cardiac function, commonly using ACEIs/ARBs, beta-blockers, diuretics, and aldosterone antagonists. Heart transplantation may be considered in end-stage disease.

Dietary advice

Limit salt and fluids, have small frequent meals, eat a low-fat diet, and avoid alcohol.