Tetanus

Overview

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani invading the body through broken skin or mucous membranes, or in newborns through the umbilical cord at the time it is cut. It typically develops within a few days of infection. The current mortality rate is about 10%, and it is largely controlled in developed countries but remains concentrated in developing nations.

Symptoms

• Muscle rigidity
• Difficulty opening the mouth
• Convulsions
• Risus sardonicus
• Difficulty swallowing

Treatment

This is an acute, severe condition requiring immediate hospitalization, including thorough wound debridement, antitoxin, and control of spasms. Proper wound care and vaccination are key preventive measures.

Dietary advice

During the acute phase, provide nutritional support as directed by a physician; during recovery, a high-calorie, high-protein, easily digestible diet is advisable.