Gouty Arthritis

Overview

Gout is a form of metabolic arthritis marked by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, with severe pain typically developing within twelve hours; about half of cases affect the joint at the base of the big toe. It results from a combination of diet and genetic factors, with elevated blood uric acid leading to urate crystal deposition in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissue. It can also cause tophi, kidney stones, or acute uric acid nephropathy.

Symptoms

• Joint redness and swelling
• Severe pain
• Fever
• Nighttime onset
• Warm skin

Treatment

Acute attacks are managed mainly with anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication, while during remission dietary control and urate-lowering therapy help prevent recurrence.

Dietary advice

Follow a low-purine diet, limit organ meats, seafood, and alcohol, and drink plenty of water to promote uric acid excretion.