Wernicke Encephalopathy

Overview

Wernicke encephalopathy is a brain disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, presenting with ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. Risk factors include alcohol abuse and malnutrition, and untreated cases often progress to Korsakoff syndrome.

Symptoms

• Confusion
• Nystagmus
• Ataxia
• Memory impairment

Treatment

Give adequate thiamine as early as possible when confirmed or suspected, correct malnutrition, and stop alcohol; delayed treatment can cause irreversible damage.

Dietary advice

Stop alcohol and improve nutrition, eating plenty of whole grains and lean meat rich in vitamin B1.