Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Overview

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, formerly called hyaline membrane disease, is common in premature infants and results from insufficient pulmonary surfactant and lung immaturity. It affects about 1% of newborns and can be fatal in preterm infants.

Symptoms

• Rapid breathing
• Grunting
• Cyanosis of the lips
• Chest retractions

Treatment

Management centers on surfactant replacement and respiratory support, with warmth and monitoring; antenatal corticosteroids can prevent it in preterm infants.

Dietary advice

Once stable, feed orally or by tube per medical advice, preferring breast milk in small, gradually increasing amounts.