Hemorrhoids

Overview

Hemorrhoids form when the anal cushions, vascular tissue in the anal canal that normally helps control bowel movements, become swollen or inflamed. They are defined as congestion, stasis, dilation, and swelling of the venous plexus beneath the mucosa of the anal canal or lower rectum, forming soft venous masses. Internal hemorrhoids are usually painless but cause bright red bleeding during bowel movements, while external hemorrhoids typically cause pain or swelling around the anus.

Symptoms

• Rectal bleeding
• Anal lump
• Anal itching
• Pain
• Sensation of heaviness

Treatment

Management focuses on conservative measures such as adjusting bowel habits and warm sitz baths, with medication for significant symptoms and surgery for severe prolapse or recurrent bleeding.

Dietary advice

Drink plenty of water, increase dietary fiber, keep bowel movements smooth, and avoid spicy, irritating foods and prolonged sitting.