Bronchiectasis

Overview

Bronchiectasis is irreversible dilation and deformity of the bronchi caused by chronic inflammation that destroys the bronchial wall's smooth muscle and elastic tissue and thickens the wall. Common symptoms include chronic productive cough, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and chest pain, and patients often have recurrent lower respiratory infections.

Symptoms

• Chronic cough
• Copious purulent sputum
• Hemoptysis
• Recurrent infections
• Shortness of breath

Treatment

Management focuses on controlling infection and promoting sputum clearance, with antibiotics during acute exacerbations, and surgical resection considered for recurrent massive hemoptysis or localized disease.

Dietary advice

Enhance nutrition with plenty of quality protein and plenty of fluids to aid sputum expectoration.