Constipation

Overview

Constipation refers to difficult defecation because stool is too hard or too dry. It commonly presents as straining, hard stools, a sense of incomplete evacuation, and reduced bowel movement frequency. Complications include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and fecal impaction.

Symptoms

• Difficulty defecating
• Hard, dry stools
• Reduced bowel frequency
• Abdominal distension
• Sense of incomplete evacuation

Treatment

Management centers on lifestyle changes such as increasing dietary fiber and fluid intake, regular bowel habits, and moderate exercise, with short-term laxatives under medical guidance when necessary. Avoid long-term abuse of stimulant laxatives.

Dietary advice

Consume plenty of fiber-rich vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, drink adequate water, and develop regular bowel habits. Increase activity moderately, and reduce refined and greasy foods.