Acne

Overview

Acne (acne vulgaris) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units, commonly affecting areas of high sebum production. It has a polygenic hereditary basis and is mainly related to androgen-induced sebaceous gland enlargement and excess sebum, abnormal keratinization of the follicular duct, microbial proliferation (Cutibacterium acnes), and immune-inflammatory responses. It presents as papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, and scars, commonly on the face, upper chest, and back of adolescents.

Symptoms

• Comedones
• Papules
• Pustules
• Oiliness
• Redness and swelling

Treatment

Management focuses on gentle cleansing and topical anti-acne medication, with oral medication under medical guidance for moderate to severe cases.

Dietary advice

Eat a light diet, reduce high-sugar, high-fat foods and dairy, and have plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.