Simple (Nontoxic) Goiter

Overview

Goiter is enlargement of the thyroid gland, which may also cause swelling of the neck. Simple goiter refers to diffuse or nodular enlargement not associated with thyroid dysfunction, with about 90% of cases worldwide caused by iodine deficiency.

Symptoms

• Goiter
• Neck fullness
• Difficulty swallowing
• Voice changes
• Compression sensation

Treatment

Iodine-deficient patients receive iodine supplementation and dietary adjustment, while marked enlargement or compressive symptoms may be treated with levothyroxine suppression therapy or surgical removal.

Dietary advice

In iodine-deficient areas, moderately increase iodine-containing foods, avoid long-term excess or deficiency, and keep a balanced diet.