Mitral Stenosis

Overview

Mitral stenosis is a relatively common valvular heart disease in which various causes prevent the mitral valve from fully opening, resulting in a narrowed valve orifice. Causes include inflammation, myxomatous degeneration, degenerative changes, congenital malformation, ischemic necrosis, and trauma, most commonly seen in rheumatic heart disease.

Symptoms

• Difficulty breathing
• Cough
• Hemoptysis
• Palpitations
• Fatigue

Treatment

Mild cases are managed with diuretics and salt restriction to control symptoms, with anticoagulation for those with atrial fibrillation. Moderate to severe stenosis may be treated with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement.

Dietary advice

Eat a low-salt diet, control fluid intake, maintain balanced nutrition, and avoid overexertion.