Emphysema

Overview

Emphysema is a lung disease causing obstruction of airflow and is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It involves loss of alveolar elasticity and destruction of alveolar walls. Common symptoms include cough, sputum, breathlessness, and cyanosis.

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty breathing
• Cough
• Sputum production
• Chest tightness

Treatment

The primary measures are smoking cessation and avoiding inhalation of harmful gases, along with regular use of bronchodilators and pulmonary rehabilitation exercises. Long-term oxygen therapy under medical guidance may be used for marked hypoxia.

Dietary advice

Eat small, frequent meals of high-protein, easily digestible foods to maintain nutrition, and avoid overeating and gas-producing foods. Ensure adequate fluid intake to help clear sputum.