Bone Fracture

Overview

A bone fracture is a break in the continuity or integrity of a bone caused by trauma or disease, such as compression fractures of the lumbar spine or breaks in the long bones of the limbs. It typically presents with pain, swelling, functional impairment, deformity, and crepitus. In conditions that weaken bone (osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta), even minor trauma can cause a pathological fracture.

Symptoms

• Severe localized pain
• Swelling
• Deformity
• Restricted movement
• Bruising

Treatment

Treatment depends on the site and type, involving reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation, including casting or surgical internal fixation, combined with early functional exercise.

Dietary advice

Ensure adequate intake of protein, calcium, and vitamin D, and eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables to support bone healing.