Diabetes Mellitus

Overview

Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders marked by high blood glucose, caused by deficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action. Long-standing hyperglycemia can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves and cardiovascular system.

Symptoms

• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Slow wound healing

Treatment

Type 2 diabetes is managed with lifestyle changes plus oral hypoglycemics (metformin first-line) or insulin. Monitor blood glucose regularly and keep HbA1c below 7%.

Dietary advice

Control total calorie intake with a low-glycemic-index diet. Increase dietary fiber, eat at regular times, and avoid refined sugar and high-GI foods.