Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Overview

Gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding anywhere in the digestive tract from the mouth to the rectum, divided into upper and lower GI bleeding. It may cause vomiting blood, black or bloody stools, and long-term small bleeds can cause iron-deficiency anemia with fatigue. Common causes include peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, and hemorrhoids.

Symptoms

• Vomiting blood
• Black stools
• Blood in stool
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Pale complexion

Treatment

An acute and serious condition requiring immediate medical attention. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement, acid suppression, and endoscopic hemostasis targeting the cause; heavy bleeding requires transfusion and monitoring. Do not delay seeking care.

Dietary advice

Fast during active bleeding; after hemostasis, progress gradually from cold liquids to warm, soft, easily digestible foods per medical advice. Avoid rough, hard, spicy, and very hot foods, and quit smoking and alcohol.