Periodontitis

Overview

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the periodontal tissues, generally a chronic infection caused by periodontal pathogens, with a minority being non-bacterial inflammation (from diabetes, leukemia, or medication). Early periodontal disease often presents as gingivitis with swollen, painful, and bleeding gums; severe cases develop into periodontitis, characterized by periodontal pocket formation, alveolar bone resorption, gum-tooth separation, and progressive tooth loosening or loss. It is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.

Symptoms

• Bleeding gums
• Red swollen gums
• Loose teeth
• Bad breath
• Gum recession

Treatment

Treatment centers on basic periodontal therapy such as scaling and root planing to control plaque, with periodontal surgery for severe cases and consistent good oral hygiene.

Dietary advice

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables, reduce high-sugar foods, and quit smoking.