Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Overview

Primary hyperaldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome, is a clinical syndrome caused by excess aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands (from cortical hyperplasia or a tumor). It suppresses renin and presents mainly with hypertension, hypokalemia, low plasma renin activity, and alkalosis, and is the most common cause of secondary hypertension.

Symptoms

• Hypertension
• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness
• Excessive urination
• Nocturia

Treatment

Aldosterone-producing adenomas are best treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy, while bilateral hyperplasia is controlled with aldosterone receptor antagonists such as spironolactone to manage blood pressure and correct hypokalemia.

Dietary advice

Low-salt diet, appropriate intake of potassium-rich foods, and avoidance of high-sodium processed foods.