Aortic Dissection

Overview

Aortic dissection occurs when a tear in the inner lining of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, tearing them apart and forming a hematoma. Common symptoms include severe, tearing chest or back pain, along with vomiting, sweating, and lightheadedness, and it can be rapidly fatal.

Symptoms

• Severe chest and back pain
• Tearing pain
• Sweating
• Abnormal blood pressure
• Fainting
• Limb ischemia

Treatment

An emergency requiring urgent control of blood pressure and heart rate to reduce aortic wall stress, pain relief, and close monitoring. Depending on the type, surgical or endovascular repair is performed.

Dietary advice

Follow a strict low-salt diet to help control blood pressure; keep meals light, easily digestible, and small and frequent. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables to prevent constipation, and strictly avoid smoking and limit alcohol.