Atherosclerosis

Overview

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which lipids and complex carbohydrates accumulate under a damaged arterial intima, triggering hemorrhage, thrombosis, and fibrous tissue proliferation. This thickens the arterial wall, narrows the lumen, and reduces vessel elasticity. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease.

Symptoms

• Often asymptomatic
• Dizziness
• Chest tightness
• Limb numbness
• Fatigue
• Intermittent claudication

Treatment

Control risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, blood sugar, smoking) and improve lifestyle, using statins and antiplatelet drugs as indicated. Vascular intervention or surgery may be performed for severe lesions.

Dietary advice

Follow a low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and foods rich in unsaturated fats. Limit saturated fat and refined sugar, and stop smoking while limiting alcohol.