Ulcerative Colitis

Overview

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease causing inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. Lesions usually begin in the rectum and extend proximally, confined mainly to the mucosal layer. Main symptoms include abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.

Symptoms

• Diarrhea
• Mucoid bloody stools
• Abdominal pain
• Tenesmus
• Fatigue

Treatment

Aminosalicylates are the basis of treatment; more severe cases use glucocorticoids or immunomodulators as directed. Long-term standardized maintenance and regular follow-up are needed.

Dietary advice

Choose a light, easily digestible, low-residue diet, and reduce high-fiber foods and dairy irritation during acute flares. Ensure quality protein and calories, and avoid spicy, raw, cold foods and alcohol.