Gestational Diabetes

Overview

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to high blood glucose that develops during pregnancy in women without prior diabetes. It is caused by insulin resistance and increases the risk of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and fetal overgrowth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and jaundice if not properly managed.

Symptoms

• Thirst
• Excessive urination
• Fatigue
• Hunger
• Blurred vision

Treatment

Diet control and moderate exercise are first-line for managing blood glucose; insulin is used when glucose remains inadequately controlled, along with intensified glucose and fetal monitoring.

Dietary advice

Fixed timing and portions with small frequent meals, control of refined sugar and carbohydrates, and preference for whole grains and vegetables.