Diabetic Retinopathy

Overview

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes. Prolonged high blood sugar damages the retinal vascular endothelium, causing fundus changes such as microaneurysms, hard exudates, cotton-wool spots, neovascularization, and even retinal detachment. Diabetic patients need regular fundus examinations.

Symptoms

• Decreased vision
• Shadow in the vision
• Blurred vision
• Microaneurysms
• Hemorrhage and exudates

Treatment

The key is strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure with regular fundus exams; laser photocoagulation or anti-VEGF therapy when necessary.

Dietary advice

Control total calorie and carbohydrate intake, eat a low-sugar, low-fat diet, and monitor blood sugar regularly.